“The most dangerous worldview is the worldview of those who have not viewed the world.”
Alexander von Humboldt

These topics explore how complex systems behave over time; Rather than focusing on individual actors or isolated events, the emphasis here is on structure — how rules, incentives, constraints, and knowledge at the point of decisionmaking shape results, often in counterintuitive ways.

Systems thinking is not about control. It is about understanding where leverage exists, why interventions fail, and how unintended consequences emerge. Many of the problems we argue about morally are, at root, systemic problems.

If you want to understand why things keep happening the way they do — especially when good intentions aren’t enough — This is where we will start.

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What Does it Mean to Short a Stock?